Safety — read this before anything else

The never-laser list

Some materials will poison you, corrode your machine, or both. There is no safe power setting, no safe small piece, no safe single cut for anything on this list. When you can't identify a material, it belongs here too.

PVC & Vinyl

No — never, under any settings. PVC is roughly half chlorine by weight.

Read why →

ABS Plastic

No. Cutting ABS releases hydrogen cyanide, and the material melts into flaming goo rather than cutting cleanly — a fire risk and a toxic one at once.

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Polycarbonate / Lexan

No. Polycarbonate absorbs infrared so strongly that laser machine windows are made from it — it's literally designed to stop the beam.

Read why →

Chrome-Tanned Leather

No — only vegetable-tanned leather is safe. Chrome-tanned leather, which is most fashion, furniture and upholstery leather, releases toxic chromium compounds when lasered, including hexavalent chromium — a known carcinogen.

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Fibreglass & Carbon Fibre

No. Fibreglass releases fine glass particles and toxic resin fumes.

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Unknown & Coated Materials

No. Mystery plastic, unknown coatings, galvanised or plated metal of unknown origin, 'wood' sheets with resin faces — unknown means assume unsafe.

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Galvanised & Zinc-Coated Steel

Not safely. The steel itself is fine on a fibre laser, but the zinc galvanising vaporises into fumes that cause metal fume fever — hours of flu-like fever, chills and nausea.

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Polystyrene & Styrofoam

No. Expanded and extruded polystyrene foam doesn't cut — it melts, shrinks away from the beam and readily catches fire, and it gives off styrene fumes as it goes.

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Melamine & Laminated Boards

With real caution, and often better avoided. The board core (MDF or chipboard) lasers with heavy formaldehyde smoke already; the melamine or foil laminate on top adds its own fumes, and any unknown laminate could be PVC — which is never safe.

Read why →

Epoxy Resin

Generally not, and never blind. Cured epoxy is a thermoset with no fixed formulation — every brand, hardener and pigment mix behaves differently under the beam, and the fumes can include carbon monoxide and other hazardous breakdown products.

Read why →
Never leave it running aloneFire is the biggest risk in this hobby, and it's almost entirely preventable. Stay with the machine, every job.
Extraction on, every jobEven "safe" wood and acrylic smoke is fine particulate and VOCs. Duct it outdoors or filter it properly.
Goggles match the wavelengthRated eyewear for your laser's exact wavelength. Sunglasses do nothing. A CO2 window won't stop a fibre beam.
Extinguisher within reachA CO2 or Class-B extinguisher and a fire blanket, an arm's length from the machine.